Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians fungi, find a mosaic defying simple predictions earlier springs, later autumns stronger changes at higher latitudes elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as strong predictor local phenology, but magnitude direction varied with trophic level relative timing an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, uncover high variation among both sites years, some being characterized by disproportionately long seasons others short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity highlight difficulty predicting outcomes. The authors USSR investigate taxa. long-term site further imprints level, event timing, site, year biotic interactions.